Mill and method for rolling tapered disks



E. G. Bum:

HILL AND METHOD FOR ROLLING TAPERED DISKS Original Filed Nov. 22, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 a 7 {Q EDWARD 6. 2 322.

. VA.\ BY

F: :35, 1 ATTORNEY.

Jan. s, 1926. I 1,568,050

E. G. BUDD Jan. 5 1926. 1,568,050

E. G. BUDD MILL AND METHOD FOR ROLLING TAPERED DISKS Original Filed Nov. 22, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 E j 6 INVENTOR.

farm/ 0 G. 5000 in MM ATTORNEY.

Jan. 5,1926. 1,568,050

, E. G. BUDD MILL AND METHOD FOR ROLLING TAPERED DISKS Original Filed Nov. 22, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

EDA/A20 500D Patented J an. 5, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

EDWARD G. BUDD, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO BUDD WHEEL COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL- MILL AND METHOD FOR ROLLING- TAPERED DISKS.

Application filed November 22,1921, Serial No. 517,026. Renewed Bum 10, 1925.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARO G. BUDD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented cz-rtain new and useful Improvements in Mills and Methods .for Rolling Tapered Disks, of which I declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description.

. This invention relates to improvements in mills and methods for rolling tapered disks. My invention has to do, more particularly, with a new and improved machine which may be used in the rolling of square or rectangular blanks, along radial lines from the center to the periphery of the blank, so as to cause the periphery of theblank to approach a circle and to taper the blank symmetrically about its center and with an improved method ior rolling such tapered disks.

In a United States Letters Patent for machine and method for rolling tapered disks, No. 1,442,601, granted January 16th, 1923, on an application,filed July 3rd, 1919,

' by Edward G. Budd and Emil Ibaeh, there is described a machine and method by means of which a substantially square blank of uniform thickness may be converted into a substantially circular disk, tapered from the center to the periphery, by rolling the square blank successively along a plurality of different radii extending from the center of the blank to its periphery. The presentinvention has to do with improvements upon the machine disclosed in said patent and it relates to an improved machine which may be used for carrying out certain of the steps of the method or process of rolling tapered disks set forth and claimed therein.

In the above mentioned patent, the rolls roll sons to form a sort of cam. These rolls are very expensive to manufacture due to the difiiculty of machining and grinding the working faces on the large and heavy rolls. ()ne of the objects of the present invention is to provide a roll for use in rolling tape-red disks, in which the eccentric working face may be formed more cheaply and easily than in the prior construction. Another. object of the present invention is to provide a roll for rolling tapered disks having a hardened insert rigidly secured in the roll and so mounted that the working face of the insert. is eccentrically disposed with reference to the axis of the roll.

I have found, in practice, that the use of the machine disclosed in said patent in rolling tapered disks develo s slight ridges extending radially of the b ank along the lines where the sides of the triangular working faces contact with the'blank. These ridges are objectionable and, in saidpatent, it was proposed to eliminate them by a subsequent rerolling of the blank along the ridges. One of the objects of my present invention is to provide a roll, which may be used to roll tapered disks from square or rectangular blanks without the formation of these ridges, thus making a rerolling operation unnecessary and reducing the cost of production'of tapered disks. a p

A further object of my invention is to provide a roll for rolling tapered disks having a working face, the central portions of' which are slightly nearer the axis of the roll than the side portions, while, at the same time, the distance from the axis of the roll to the working face increases from the front to the rear of the working face.

A further object of my invention is to provide a roll for rolling tapered disks having a working face which is eccentric with reference to the axis of the roll and so formed that it is slightly concave with reference to an axis transverse to that of the roll.

Another object of my invention is to provide a mill for rolling tapered disks in which the rolls have body portionswhich are eccentrically disposed with reference to the axis of the roll so as to provide,'at certain points in the revolution ofthe rolls, space to permit insertion of the blanks between the rolls.

Another object of my invention is to provide a pair'of cooperating rolls for rolling tapered disks, each of Wl'llCh has a pair of collars and an eccentric body portion between the ollars provided with a working face, the rolls being so mounted with reference to each other that the collars are 1n rolling contact with each other, except when the working faces of the rolls are in opera-- tive engagement with the blanks.

Another object of my invention 1s to provide means for rolling, simultaneously, a plurality of square blanks of uniform thickness so as to cause the peripheries of the blanks to approach a circle and so as to taper the blanks symmetrically about the center.

In the said Patent No. 1,442,601, there is disclosed and claimed a method for rolling tapered disks according to which a square metal blank of uniform thickness is rolled successively along a plurality of different radii, extending from the center of the blank, between rolls so formed as to cause a flow of the metal to cause the periphery of the blank to approach the arc of a circle and to decrease the thickness of the outer portion of the blank. According to the method disclosed in said prior patent, the blanks are rolled and have to be handled individually. This makes the above method iatlliler slow and keeps the cost of production 1 %)ne object of my present invention is to provide an improved method by means of which tapered disks may be produced more rapidly and at lower cost. Another object of my invention is to provide a method for rolling tapered disks by means of which a plurality of blanks may berolled simultaneously so as to decrease the amount ofhandling necessary, speed up production and cut the costof manufacture of these disks.

Further objects, and objects relating to details and economies of construction and operation, will definitely appear from the detailed description to follow. My invention is clearly defined and pointed out in the appended claims. A mill for rolling tapered disks constituting a preferred embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawin 's, forming a part of this specification, in which:

Fig. 1 is a view in front elevation of a pair of rolls cooperating to roll tapered disks and embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical, sectional vlew on the line 22 of Fig. 1, showing the rolls in the position they occupy when the working faces first engage the blanks.

Fig. 3 is -a detail. sectional view on the line 33 of Fig. 1, showing the means for holding the inserts in place in the rOllS.

Fig. 4 is a transverse, sectional view through the insert, taken on ,line 44 of Fi 1.

Fig. 5 is another transverse, sectional view through the insert, taken on line 55 of Fig. 1. I

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view through the insert, taken on line 6'6 of Fig. 1.- I

Fig. 7 is a plan view of one of the blanks from which the tapered disks are rolled.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the blank at the endof the first pass.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view through a pair of blanks at the end of the first pass, taken on line 99 of Fig. 8.

,Fig. 10 is a plan view of a blank at the end of the second pass.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view through a pair of blanks, on the line 11-11 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a plan View of a blank at the end of the third pass, and

Fig. 13'is a plan View of a blank at the end of the fourth pass.

In the drawings, the same reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the several views and the sectional views are taken looking in the direction of the arrows at the ends of the section lines.

In general, my invention comprises a roll,

for rolling tapered disks, having an insert rigidly secured in the body portion of the roll and provided with a working face which cooperates with the blank and causes the metal of the blank to flow in such a way as to taper the blank and cause its periphery to approach a circle. I find it very desirable to use a hardened insert, for instance, one made of chilled cast iron since the insert has to stand a very considerable pressure in use and this improvement enables it to withstand this pressure more successfully.

This insert is provided with a working face which resembles, considerably, the working face formed on the roll in accordance with the patent of Budd and Ibach which has been mentioned. However. I have found that the use of the working face disclosed in said atent produces slight radial ridges in the disks and I accomplish one of the objects of my invention and eliminate these ridges by making the triangular working face of the insert slightly concave so that the pertions of the working face along the central line, defined by the intersection of a plane at right angles to the axis of the roll with said working face, are'nearer the axis of the roll than the side portions of said face. In other words, the central portions of the working face are ground down slightly below the side portions.

I provide the roll with a pair of collars and the body portion of the roll, which is between these collars and which receives the insert, is eccentric with reference to the axis of the roll. Normally, the collars of the respective rolls of the mill are in rolling contact with each other and the eccentricity of the body portions of the rolls affords a space between them into which the blanks may be inserted at certain points in the revolution of the rolls. As the rolls revolve, the working faces on the inserts engage the blanks, which have been thus. inserted, and separate the rolls so that the collars are forced out of contact with each other and pressure is trans mitted from one roll to the other through the working faces' and the blanks between them.

aseaoso The shape and formation of these workingfaces, and the rolling pressure thus exerted on the blanks, cause a flow of metal which causes the periphery of each blankto approach a circular shape and decreases the thickness of the outer portions of the blank. In order to accomplish the tapering of the blank, theworking faces are eccentric, that is, the distance from the triangular working face to the axis of the roll increases from the apex thereof to the base.

My invention also consists in taking a plurality of square blanks of uniform cross section assembled into what may be termed a pack of blanks and subjecting said pack to a series of rolling operations in a number of different directions relative to theopack, between rolls so formed as to cause the peripheries of the square blanks to approach circles and to taper the blanks uniformly and symmetric-ally with reference to their centers. The blanks are preferably heated to a dull red before being subjected to the rolling operation.

In accordance with my invention, I provide a rolling mill having two rolls of identical construction, such as previously described, and each having an eccentric and concave, triangular, working face. I propose to roll two or more blanks simultaneously with this machine and I insert a pack consisting of two or more blanks between the rolls so that the working faces of the roll act upon the opposed faces of said pack with the result that the blanks are all tapered at once.

Subsequently," they may be separated and trimmed. The cooperating rolls are mounted in a suitable frame, driven and the upper roll subjected. to pressure, all in accordance with approved rolling mill practice.

In the drawing, I have illustrated the cooperating rolls of a mill for rolling tapered disks constituting one embodiment of my invention. There are two of these rolls, 10,

each of which comprises a body portion, 12,' eccentrically disposed with reference to the axis of the roll, and cylindrical collars, 11, at the" ends .of the body portion. These rolls are mounted in a suitable framework, driven and pressure applied to them in accordance with rolling mill practice, and I have not shown these details as they form 110 part of my invention. The body portion, 12, of each roll, is provided with a recess, 13, in which an insert, 14, is secured rigidly. This insert is secured in position, in this particular case, by means of clips, 15, which overhang the insert and are bolted'to the body portion, 12, of the roll, by the bolts, 16. A part of each insertis raised so as to provide a working face projecting above the body portion, 12, of the roll. These inserts are preferably made of chilled cast iron so as to withstand successfully the very great pressure to which they are subjected in use. The working face axis of the roll.

. is approximately the case.

of the insert comprises the apex portion, 17, which is adapted to engagethe central por tions of the blank so as to grip the blank firmly when it is first engaged between the rolls, and a substantially triangular or segment-shaped, central portion, 18, which comprises the portion shown between the dot and dash lines in Fig. 1. This portion, 18, is slightly concave, as I will point out more fully hereinafter, and it is surrounded by the beveled edge portions, 19 and 20, as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 5. The beveled portions, 19 and 20, reduce the compression ad jacent the edges, of the surfaces acted upon and help to eliminate ridges at such places. The insert, 14:, is set in the body'portion, 12, of the roll so that the working face projects slightly beyond the cylindrical surface defined by the two collars, 11, at the ends of the roll, as shown clearly in Fig. 2. Furthermore, the insert, 14, is set in the roll so that the working face isecccntric to the axis of the roll and the distance between the axis of the roll and the working face gradually increases from the portion, 17, to the beginning of the beveled portion, 20. The insert is beveled, at 22, at the front edge of the apex portion, 17, and a central notch, 21, is provided to accommodate the end of the tongs by which the blanks are inserted between the rolls.

As I have indicated above, the sector shaped portion, 18. of the triangular working face, is slightly concave with reference to an axis transverse to the axis of the roll. In Figs. 4 and 5, the straight line CC indicates the amount of concavity or divergence of the upper surface of the portion, 18,

from said straight line. These two views are somewhat diagrammatic, the actual divergence or concavity being exaggerated somewhat so as to make it more clearly apparent. 'llheoretically, the working face of the insert should be complementary to a sector of the tapered disk so that, if such sector were applied to and wrapped around the working face, the outer surface of the sector would be concentric and coaxial with the The disk is tapered symmetrically about its center. so that all points of the disk at equal radial distances from the center have an equal thickness, and the thickness of the disk decreases uniformly .from the center to the periphery along-any radius. In order to be truly complementary to a sector of the finished disk. all points of the working face at equal distances from the apex thereof should be at equal distances from the axis of the roll. My invention consists in so forming the working face that this In the roll disclosed in the patent of Budd and Ibach. this was not true, as all points along a line. de-

fined by the intersection of a radial plane forming part of a cylindrical surface. It is set in the body portion, 12, of the roll, with (see Fig. 13) it being assumed that the line,

&

ing face, were at equal distances from the axis of the roll. Consequently, in said earlier roll construction, the central portions of the working face were further from the axis of the roll than they should have been to be truly complementary to a sector of the.

tapered disk. I have approximated the theoretical form of working face by grindingdown the central portion of the working face, 18. This is shown ih Figs. '1 and 5. In Fig. 13, I have shown a plan view of a finished,tapered disk and the line XZX and XYX, drawn on this view,-will help to make the formation, of the working face clear. Since the diskis tapered symmetrically, all points along the are, XYX, have an equal thickness and the disk is thinner at the points, X, than at the point, Z, andv as one passes along the line XZX, the thickness of the disk increases from X to Z and then de-' creases from Z to X. The insert, 14, is first formed with the triangular working face the axis of this cylindrical surface oifset from the axis of the roll, so that this cylindrical surface would be eccentric to the axis of the roll. However, before being inserted in the roll, this partly cylindrical surface is ground to render it slightly concave, so that, as shown in Figs. 4; and 5, the surface, 18, slopes inwardly to the center line (which corresponds with the section line 2-2) and thence outwardly again to the "edge of the portion, 18. The distance at the point, D, (Fig. 4) between the line C-C and the face, equals the difference between the thickness of the tapered disk at the points, Y and Z,

XZX. is at a distance from the center of the disk corresponding to the distance of the section line 4-4, (Fig. 1) from the apex of the triangular working face. Similarly, the distance between the line CG and the face, 18,, at the point, E, (Fig. 4) is equal to the difference between the thicknesses of the disk at Z and Y, (Fig. 13). Also, the distance between the line CC and the face, 18, at the point, F, (Fig. 5) is equal to the difference between the thicknesses of the disk at the points, T and S, (Fig. 13) it being assumed that the line RTE corresponds to the line upon which the section of Fig. 1 is taken. The foregoing examples should make it clear how the formation of the portion, 18 of the working face is deterring. I am not to be limited. however, to the formation of the working face in exact accordance with these theoretical considerations. Practically, I believe that the best results will be obtained by means of rolls having working faces with a concavity slightly less than that indicated above and such an arrangement is, of course, within the scope of my invention.

Suitable cams, 23, may be rigidly secured In Figs. 7 to 13, inclusive, I have shown the blanks in various stages of their production. The blank, 24:, isillustrated in Fig. 7,"and is a square blank of uniform thickness. A central hole, 25, is provided in the blank for convenience in handling. Two of these blanks, 2 1, heated, preferably, to a dull red,'are placed one upon the other so as to form what may be termed a pack of blanks and gripped by a suitable tool such as the tongs, 30, which may have a finger extending through the holes, 25. When the rolls are in position, such that the inserts are on opposite sides of the rolls from each other, the eccentricity of the body portions of the rolls leaves a space between them and the workman inserts the two blanks between the rolls, as shown in Fig. 2. As the rolls revolve in the direction indicated bythe arrows in Fig. 2, the inserts come a ound towards each other and the portion 17 of the working faces of said inserts engage and grip the central portions of the blanks around the holes, 25. As the-rolls continue to revolve, the triangular working faces, 18, press upon the blanks and at the same time force them from between. the rolls. The result of this operation is that the two blanks are both brought into approximately the form illustrated in Fig, 8, in which one side of the blank has been rolled out into the tapered sector, .26. The blanks, still held by the tongs, are retated "through.180 degrees and again inserted between the rolls so that the working faces act upon the blanks once more, rolling out the opposite ends of the blanks into the tapered sector, 27. The blanks are then rotated through 90 degrees and rolled once more, from the center outwardly, forming the tapered sector, 28, after which the blanks are rotated through 180 degrees and the opposite side of the blank is rolled, from the center outwardly, forming the tapered sector, 29. It will bevseen that these various passes between the rolls have caused the peripheries of the blanks to approach a circle and that theblanks have been tapered uniformly and symmetrically with respect to the center. The disks of the pack may now be separated and trimmed. The excess metal, which has been forced or caused to flow to one side to produce the taper, is displaced toward the periphery of roach a true circle so that the metal which I 18 to be cut away in the trimming operation is -,very much less than in the case where"a circular disk is trimmed from a square blank. .The result is that this method of forming a tapered disk results in I a very considerable saving of metal.

' By the use of my. improved mill for rolling tapered disks, I am enabled to speed up the production of these disks and to decrease their cost, inasmuch as I am enabled to roll two blanks at once. Furthermore, this improved machine is not as costly to construct as prior machines because the working faces, which must be formed very accurately and carefully, are provided on inserts which are made separate from the rolls and are rigidly fastened in place therein. This also permits the use of hardened inserts which will withstand successfully the heavy pressures employed. The roll construction, including the collars and eccentric body portion of i the roll, facilitates the feeding of the blanks to the rolls and the mounting of the inserts therein. The use of inserts provided with concave triangular working faces, suchas I have described, eliminates the objectionable radial ridges which heretofore have been formed in the disks by the rolling operation and renders it unnecessary to re-roll the disks in order to produce perfect ones.

This machine,,which I have described, pro-' duces more perfect disks and produces them more quickly and rapidly than the earlier machine and it may be used very readily in carrying out the process or. method of rolling tapered disks disclosed and claimed in the Budd and Ibach patent, above mentioned.

It will be seen that the process of rolling tapered disks, which I have described above, greatly expedites and cheapens the production of these disks, inasmuch as the rolling operations are conducted on a pack consisting of' a lurality of blanks instead of one sin le b ank. This enables the operator to rol a greater number of disks on one machine in a given time while securing very perfect results. I do not wish to be restricted to the rolling of two blanks at one time in accordance with this process.

I am aware that the particular embodiment, which I have illustrated and described, may be varied considerably without departing from the spirit of my invention and, therefore, I claim my invention broadly, as indicated by the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and useful and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I 1. In an apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a pair of cooperat-' mg rolls and an insert, provided with a' substantiall triangular working face, rigidly secure in each roll. 2. In an apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a pair of cooperatmg rolls and an insert rigidly'secured in each roll, each of said inserts being provided with a substantially triangular working face and a bevel along each side of said triangular face.

3. In an apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a pair of cooperating rolls and an insert rigidly secured in each roll, each of said inserts being provided with a substantially triangular working face provided with a recess at the apex thereof and having portions extending laterally adjacent said apex.

4. In an apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a pair of cooperating rolls and an insert rigidly secured in each roll, each of said inserts being provided with a substantially triangular working face the distance of which from the axis of theroll increases continuously from the apex to the base.

5. In an apparatus of the character specified, the combination ofa pair of cooperating rolls and an insert rigidly secured in each roll, each of said inserts being provided with a working face so formed that the distance of said face from the roll axis increases continpously from the front'to the rear thereof and from the center line thereof to the sides.

6. In an apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a pair of cooperating rolls-each provided with a working face eccentric to the roll axis and so formed that the central portions of the face, with reference to a plane perpendicular to the roll 'axis, are nearer the roll axis than the side fied, the combination of a pair of cooperating rolls each rovided with a substantially triangular wor ing face so formed that the distance of said face from the roll axis increases continuouslv from the apex to the base thereof and from the center line to the sides thereof.

8. In an apparatus of the character specified,'the combination of a pair of cooper-. ating rolls each provided with asubstantial- 1y triangular working face with beveled rtions at, the sides thereof, said face being so formed that its distance from the roll axis increases continuously from the apex to the base thereof and from the center line to the sidesr- 9. In an-apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a pair of cooperating rolls each provided with a substantially triangular working face with beveled portions at the, sides thereof said face being provided with a recess at its apex and hav ing portions extending laterally adjacent said apex, andsaid face being so formed that its distance from the roll, axis increases continuously from the apex to the base thereofand from the center line to the sides.

10. In an apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a pair of cooperat ing rolls each provided with a pair of c lars and a body portion between said collars havmga working face and eccentric Z .With reference to the roll axis, the collars of the respective rolls being normally in rolling contact with each other.

11. In an apparatus of the character specified, the combination of a pair of cooperating rolls each provided with a pair of collars and a body portion between the collars and eccentric with respect to the roll axis, the collars of the respective rolls being'normally in rolling contact with each other, and an insert rigidly secured to the'body portion of each roll and provided with a working face.

12. In an a paratus of the characten specified, the com mation of a pair of cooperating rolls each provided with a pair of collars: and a body portion between the collars and eccentric with respect to the roll axis, the

collars of the respective rolls beingnormally in rolling contact with each other, and

an insert rigidly secured to the body por- I to" portions of said rolls and having substan;

tion of each roll and having a working face eccentricall disposed wlth respect to the axis of the r0 1.

13. In an apparatus of the character speci-.

' and an eccentric body portion between said collars, the collars of the respective rolls being normally'in rolling contact with each other, and inserts rigidly secured to the body tially triangular working faces cooperating with each other, said faces being so formed that the distance from theface to the roll axis increases from the apex to the base thereof. 5 I

15. In an a paratus of the character speci fied, the com mation of a pair of cooperating rolls each provided with a pair of: collars and an eccentric body portion between said,

collars, the collars of the respective rolls be mg normally in rolling contact with each other, and inserts rigidly secured to the body portions of said rolls and having substantially triangular working faces cooperating' with each other, said faces being so formed that the distance "from the face to the roll axis increases from the apex to the base thereof and from the center line to the sides.

16. A roll for the purposes specified including a body portion and an insert rigidly secured therein and provided with a substantially triangular working face so formed that the distancerfrom the axis of the roll to said face increases from the apex to the base of said triangular face.

17. A roll for the purposes specified including a'body portion and an insert rigidly secured therein and provided witha working face eccentric to the roll axis and so formed that the centralportions of the face, with reference to a plane perpendicular to the roll axis, are nearer the roll axis than the side portions. e

18. A' roll for the purposes specified including a body portion and an insert rigidly secured therein and provided with a substantially triangular working face so formed that the distance from the roll axis to said face increases continuously from 'the apex to the base thereof and from the center line 'to the sides. 7 V

19. A roll for the purposes specified including a body portion having a working face of substantially triangular shape so formed that the distance of said working face from the axis of the roll increases continuously from the apex to the base thereof and from the center line to the sides.- ,7

20. A roll for the purposes specified including a pair of collars and an eccentric body portion between said collars provided with a working face.

21. A. roll for the purposes specified, including a pair of collars and an eccentric body portion betwen said collars, and an insert r gidly secured in said eccentric body portion and provided with a working face eccentrically disposed with reference to the axis of the roll. Y e

22. A roll for the purposes specified including a pair of collars and an eccentric.

body portion between saidcollars, and an insert r1g1dly secured in said eccentric body portlon and'provided with a substantially triangular working face so formedihat the distance from the roll axis to said face in creases continuously from the apex to the' disks comprising assembling face to face a plurality of square blanks, simultaneously rolhn'g said assembled blanks in successive radial directions from the centers to the I blanks,

" I ing working faces of progressively increas- 24. The method of making tapered disksnsembled blanks at increasing distances from 6 comprising assembling face to face a plur'ality of square blanks, simultaneously rolling said assembled blanks in successive radial directions extendin from the centers to the peripheries of said blanks with a pressure increasing as the radial distance of the portions of the blanks acted upon from the centerincreases and thenseparat-f ing the rolledbl'anks. I I

25. The process of forming metal plates, having substantially circular peripheries and decreasing in thickness from center to periphery, comprising assembling face to face a plurality of substantially rectangular metal blanks, simultaneously rolling said assembled blanks in successively different directions, and then separating the rolled blanks. 1

26. The process of forming tapered disks comprising assembling face to face a plurality of substantially rectangular 'inetal simultaneously rolling said assembled blanks in successive radial directions from center to periphery, separating the rolled blanks, and, trimming the edges of the rolled blanks to causethe same to more closely approach a true circle. I

27. The processof forming tapered vdisks comprising assemblin fac'e'to face a plurality of substantially rectangular metal blanks, rolling said; assembled blanks simul taneously .in successive different directions between a pair of rollers having co-operating radius, and then separating the rolled blanks. J

28. The process of making tapered circu-, lar plates comprising assembling face to face a plurality of substantially square metal blanks, simultaneously rolling the assembled blanks in a plurality of successive directions radially from the center with a pressure increasing as successive portions of the -asthefc enter of the blanks are acted upon, and

then separating the rolled blanks. 29. The process of making tapered disks comprising assembling face to face a plurality of substantially square metal blanks, rolling simultaneously the assembled blanks along a plurality of different radii between rolls such that the distances of the operating surfaces from the axes of the rolls increase as the distance of the portions of the blanks acted. upon from the center of the r blanks increases, and then separating the rolled blanks.

. 30. The/process of making tapered disks comprising assembling a plurality of substantially rectangular metal blanks face to I face to form a pack ofblanks, rolling said pack, successively, along a plurality of diferent radii extending from the center of the pack," and then separating the rolled blanks. K A

a a 31. The process of making tapered disks comprising assembling a'plurahty of substantially square" metal blanks face to face toform a pack of blanks, rolling said pack,

.successively, along a plurality of,. different radii extending from the center of. the pack to the .mid-points of the sides, and then separating the rolled blanks. I

32. The process of making tapered disks comprising assembling face to "face a plurality of substantially square metal blanks to-form a pack of blanks, rolling said pack,

successively, along a pluralityof different radii extending from the center of the pack having eccentric, longitudinally concave Working faces of substantially triangular outline, and then separating the rolled blanks.

In testimony whereof, I'afiix my signature.

to-the'mid-points' of the sides between rolls EDWARD- G. BUDD. 

